Metagenomics, also known as metagenomics, uses next-generation high-throughput sequencing technology (NGS) to study the genomes of microbial populations in specific environments. Based on the analysis of microbial diversity, population structure, and evolutionary relationships, It is possible to further explore the functional characteristics of the microbial population, the relationship between mutual cooperation and the relationship with the environment, and explore the potential biological significance. Compared with traditional microbial research methods, metagenomic sequencing technology circumvents the shortcomings that most microorganisms cannot be cultivated and trace bacteria cannot be detected. Therefore, it has been widely used in environmental microbiology research in recent years.